18 November 2009

We Are Going Faster Than The Planet Can Sustain

Our global economy is outgrowing the capacity of the earth to support it, moving our early twenty-first century civilization ever closer to decline and possible collapse.

Our situation today is far more challenging. We are consuming renewable resources faster than they can regenerate. Demand has exceeded the sustainable yield of natural systems at the local level countless times in the past.

As results, we must deal with shrinking forest, deteriorating peat land, falling water table, collapsing fisheries, and eroding soils. We are using up oil at a pace that leaves little time to plan beyond peak oil. And we are discharging greenhouse gases into the atmosphere faster than nature can absorb them.

Isac Asimov and Frederik Pohl, wrote a non-fiction book, Our Angry Earth: A Ticking Ecological Bomb (1991), deals with the effects humankind and elements of the environmental crisis such as global warming and the destruction of the ozone layer:

"Most humans is difficult to realize the reality of environmental destruction around him, because the environmental destructions are coincided with the processes they are doing themselves, who often "aims" to build the future"

Here is "Home", a film by Yann Arthus Bertrand that stunning, inspiring photos of planet Earth from the air.



Source: Youtube ,posted by: CoolPlanet2009, February 04, 2009.

Yes, we are going faster than the planet can sustain!

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16 November 2009

Papua’s Forests Are Coming Under Major Threat

Papua’s forest wilderness is a wonder, a promised land, a rich motherlode of natural and cultural history to be studied.

The cutting down of tropical forests in Papua for oil palm plantations will not only lead to increased global warming but also destroy some of the last great tracts of untouched tropical forest in the Asia Pacific region. The forests of Papua are rich in bio-diversity and are also utilized by the indigenous people in every aspect of their lives.

Expanding of palm-oil plantations would entail the creation of four million hectares of plantations concentrated in the south-eastern districts of Merauke, Boven Digoel and Mappi, and in the Sari, Keerom and Jayapura regencies on the northern side of the Central Highlands.



Scott Frazier cites Friends of the Earth (2004) on the impacts of plantations on biodiversity. 80-100% of mammal, reptile and bird species are lost (when plantations are established in primary tropical forest). Fire is often used as a management tool on plantations. This fire can spread to the surrounding habitats.[1]


Papua’s forests are highly species rich, with minimal stand dominance by particular tree species, and with remarkable historically-driven variation from site to site, even within single catchments. One-hectare stands of forest typically support between 70 and 200 species of trees larger than 10 cm diameter at breast height (dbh). It is thus difficult to taxonomically characterize the forest types of Papua. Instead, types are delineated by elevation, rainfall, and structure. In general, Papua’s forests can be termed “tropical humid forests.” [2]

The forests cover more than 42 million hectares, or 24 percent of Indonesia's total remaining forested area. Compared to other islands in Indonesia, Papua is still relatively rich in forests.

Some 85 percent of Papua's forests are classified as intact forests, comprising a mixture of unique Asian and Australian plant species. Almost 60 percent of the mammal population in Papua is endemic to the island, as are more than 40 percent of Papua's birds.

More than 47 percent of Papua's forests are classified as lowland rainforests, which makes the province home to the largest remaining tracts of lowland forest in Indonesia.

Papua’s forests are the largest expanse of intact tropical rainforests in Southeast Asia. There is no doubt that the rich, bio-diverse forests of Papua are coming under major threat as the Indonesian government looks to replace the exhausted forests resources in Sumatra and Kalimantan.

Sources:
References:
1. Marianne Klute, 2008. Forests in Papua: Data and Facts by , Forest Watch Indonesia, contribution to the Forest Conference of the West Papua Network in Written on 26th January 2008
2. Bruce M. Beehler,2008. Ecology, Biogeography and Environment of Papua, Conservation International.

Video Source: Greenpeace International

Related Posts:
1. King of Paradise Bird Swing His Tail
2. Fast Growing Plantation: Is It Good or Bad?




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13 November 2009

4#: Apakah Rumah Anda Aman Dari Gempa Bumi ?

Kita semua tahu ada gaya gravitasi bumi, yang menarik setiap benda ke bawah.Bangunan atau rumah anda tetap tegak berdiri karena (diperhitungkan) untuk menahan tarikan ke bawah gravitasi bumi. Jika terjadi gempa bumi, maka bangunan atau gedung akan terguncang ke segala arah, tidak hanya turun, namun sebagian besar ke arah samping. Ini menjadi masalah umum bahwa gempa bumi membatasi kemampuan suatu bangunan untuk menahan guncangan atau getaran ke arah samping.

Kita tidak dapat memastikan hanya karena rumah kita tidak rusak setelah kejadian beberapa gempa bumi, berarti rumah kita kokoh dan (masih) aman jika terjadi gempa bumi di masa datang. Ada baiknya untuk diperiksa kembali lebih teliti. Karena biasanya akan muncul masalah struktural bangunan yang biasa/umum dijumpai, apalagi pernah diguncang gempa bumi.

Setelah kita mengenali dan mendaftar permasalahan bangunan kita - mungkin saja kita temukan lebih dari satu masalah-, maka tentukan prioritas bagian mana dulu dan kapan akan diperbaiki. Konsultasikan dengan ahlinya, Insinyur, kontraktor bangunan atau menulis surat ke rubrik konsultasi rumah di media offline atau online.

Struktur Bangunan Yang Harus Diperiksa

Berikut ini struktur bangunan rumah anda, yang perlu diperiksa untuk berjaga-jaga terhadap guncangan gempa bumi.

1. Periksa Pondasi bangunan, biasanya kurang memadai umumnya bahan pondasi yang banyak digunakan adalah pondasi batu kali.

2. Periksa apakah mulai ada retakan pada tembok/dinding rumah ? Tembokan batu bata atau batako biasanya sebagai sistem dinding pemikul beban.

3. Jika rumah anda memiliki sekat-sekat dari plywood dengan kerangka kayu, maka periksa apakah sudah kuat ikatannya. Kalau perlu tambahkan paku atau baut dan perkuat ikatan pada tulangan rumah anda.

4. Periksa kabel listrik untuk memastikan mereka berada dalam kondisi baik, hindari ada sambungan kabel di bawah karpet.

5. Konsultasikan dengan ahlinya untuk menentukan apakah bangunan rumah anda tergolong kuat, jika harus diperbaiki/diperkuat mintalah saran di bagian-bagian rumah yang mana?

Standar Gedung Tahan Gempa

Untuk gedung-gedung di perkotaan, pemerintah telah memiliki Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) untuk bangunan tahan gempa, yaitu peraturan bangunan tahan gempa SNI 03-1726-2002. Jika membangun gedung di Indonesia, kita harus tunduk pada SNI ini.

Peraturan ini mensyaratkan bangunan di Jakarta harus dirancang dapat menahan tanah yang berguncang dengan percepatan sebesar 0,20 g (g = percepatan gravitasi bumi yang besarnya 9,81 m/detik2). Demikian pula, sebagai pembanding untuk kota-kota Indonesia lainnya, bangunan harus dirancang untuk menahan guncangan sebesar 0,20 g di Bandung, 0,25 g di Padang, 0,20 g di Denpasar, 0,25 g di Ambon, atau 0,25 g di Jayapura.

Tapi bagaimana dengan "bangunan non-engineered", yaitu bangunan rumah tinggal dan bangunan komersil sampai 2 lantai yang dibangun oleh pemilik, menggunakan tukang setempat, menggunakan bahan bangunan yang didapat setempat, tanpa bantuan arsitek maupun ahli struktur [1].

Tentu untuk bangunan rumah-rumah rakyat, yang "non-enggineered" ini, yang perlu mendapat perhatian pemerintah karena sangat rentan terhadap kerusakan akibat gempa bumi!

Teddy Boen, Senior Advisor WSSI (World Seismic Safety Initiative), menyatakan bahwa permasalahan gempa di Indonesia adalah mayoritas rumah rakyat tidak tahan gempa. Perlu ada usaha yang terpadu dan tindakan nyata untuk membuat bangunan rumah rakyat tahan gempa!.


Syarat Minimal Bangunan Tahan Gempa

WSSI Indonesia, dalam hal ini Teddy Boen dan Rekan, telah membuat poster tentang rumah tahan gempa, paska usainya gempa bumi Yogyakarta (2005). Gambar-gambar berikut cukup informatif untuk menjelaskan struktur bangunan rumah tinggal kebanyakan rakyat di Indonesia.












Image Sources: WSSI-Indonesia

Source :
Teddy Boen (2007), Engineering Non-Engineered Buildings, from Non-Engineered to 3D Non-Linear Analysis, Performance Based Design, makalah pada Seminar dan Pameran HAKI 2007 - “KONSTRUKSI TAHAN GEMPA DI INDONESIA”, Jakarta

Related Posts:
1.3#: Menyediakan Perlengkapan Pribadi Menghadapi Gempa Bumi
2.#2: Membuat Rencana Tanggap Darurat Bencana Gempa Bumi
3.#1: Kenali Potensi Kerusakan akibat Gempa Bumi di Rumah Anda
4.7 Aksi Penting Setelah Gempa Bumi Berlalu
5.10 # Aksi Saat Terjadi Gempa Bumi

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11 November 2009

Who are Eco-tourists?

According to The International Ecotourism Society (1990), ecotourism is responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the wellbeing of local people. By choosing responsible travel, you can have the fabulous vacation that you’ve dreamed of, while ensuring that the money you spend at your destination is benefiting the environment and the local people.

There is a wide range of travelers, of all ages and interests.

As a matured traveller or eco-tourist, you protect nature as well as celebrate it at the same time. You participate in its conservation. Travelers who choose ecotourism should leave all attitudes behind and set out with an open mind to discover.

Ashish Dutta said in her article "The Five Travel Habits",

"If you are amid nature, make her your best friend, and she will unravel her secrets to you"

If you are travelling to the beautiful places around the world, you shall be an "enlightened eco-traveller" or a responsible tourist interested in sustainability, authentic local experiences and opportunities to give back to the communities.

Finally, eco-tourists are also seeking to minimize the carbon footprint of their travel, traveling with climate in mind by planning wisely and choosing consciously.

Here is The International Ecotourism Society's Travel Green Guide, you should read.


Related Posts:
9 Basic Guidelines of The Quality Eco-Experiences, You Should Know

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09 November 2009

Gempa Bumi Kembali Mengguncang Indonesia, Tepatnya di Wilayah Sumbawa (09/11/2009)

Menurut Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika (BMKG), pada 09_November-2009 pada jam 02:41:46 WIB, gempa berkekuatan 6,7 Skala Richter (SR) berlokasi 8.24 LS - 118.65 BT dan kedalaman 25 km yang berjarak 28 km Barat Laut RABA-NTB, telah menguncang kawasan yang sangat padat penduduk di Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) di Indonesia.

Lembaga pemantau bencana GDACS, menyatakan bahwa kemungkinan dapat terjadi korban jiwa dan bencana gempa ini membutuhkan intervensi bantuan kemanusiaan internasional pada tingkat "waspada". Berikut ini Peta Guncangan Gempa bersumber dari USGS (USGS Shake Map).

Kota-kota yang mungkin terkena dampaknya Raba (20km), Bima (16km), Mangge (18km), Kala (16km), Kananta (12km), Sowa (7km), Nggaronangga (13km). Dampak gempa diperkirakan akan mencapai daerah pegunungan dengan ketinggian maksimum 2.547 m.

Kembali kita untuk diingatkan agar mempersiapkan diri untuk melakukan mitigasi dan adaptasi terhadap bencana alam. Bagi saudara-saudara kita di wilayah bencana gempa bumi tersebut semoga diberi kekuatan dan ketabahan setelah selamat dari musibah.


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